The next day a translation into Japanese of the anatomical work of Kulmus was begun, and from its appearance in 1773 may be dated the commencement of reforms in medicine.

In 1793, the work of de Gorter on internal medicine was translated, and it is interesting to know that before the so-called "opening of Japan" many European works on medicine had been published.

In 1857, a Dutch medical school was started in Yedo.
Since the political upheaval in 1868, Japan has made rapid progress in scientific medicine, and its institutions and teachers are now among the best known in the world.( 28) (28) See Y.Fujikawa, Geschichte der Medizin in Japan, Tokyo, 1911..