And when we speak of morality, we may mean two things also; and these two things must be kept distinct.

We may mean what Professor Huxley calls '_social morality_,' and of this the test and object is the happiness of societies; or we may mean what he calls '_personal morality_,' and of this the test and object is the happiness of individuals.

And the answers which our positive moralists make to us divide themselves into two classes, according to the sort of happiness they refer to.
It is before all things important that this division be understood, and be kept quite clear in our minds, if we would see honestly what our positive modern systems amount to.

For what makes them at present so very hard to deal with, is the fact that their exponents are perpetually perplexing themselves between these two classes of answers, first giving one, and then the other, and imagining that, by a kind of confusion of substance, they can both afford solutions of the same questions.

Thus they continually speak of life as though its crowning achievement were some kind of personal happiness; and then being asked to explain the nature and basis of this, they at once shift their ground, and talk to us of the laws and conditions of social happiness.
Professor Huxley will again supply us with a very excellent example.