Edward ceased to be their hereditary Duke, he became simply an English king ruling Aquitaine as an English dominion.

If the Southerners loved the North-French little, they loved the English less, and the treaty which thus changed their whole position was followed by a quick revulsion of feeling from the Garonne to the Pyrenees.

The Gascon nobles declared that John had no right to transfer their fealty to another and to sever them from the realm of France.

The city of Rochelle prayed the French king not to release it from its fealty to him.

"We will obey the English with our lips," said its citizens, "but our hearts shall never be moved towards them." Edward strove to meet this passion for local independence, this hatred of being ruled from London, by sending the Black Prince to Bordeaux and investing him in 1362 with the Duchy of Aquitaine.