He withdrew to the Welsh border, where fresh troubles were breaking out, while Henry prepared to deal his final blow at the government which, tottering as it was, still held him in check.

Rome had resented the measures which had put an end to her extortions, and it was to Rome that Henry looked for a formal absolution from his oath to observe the Provisions.

In June 1261 he produced a Bull annulling the Provisions and freeing him from his oath in a Parliament at Winchester.

The suddenness of the blow forbade open protest and Henry quickly followed up his victory.
Hugh Bigod, who had surrendered the Tower and Dover in the spring, surrendered the other castles he held in the autumn.

Hugh Despenser was deposed from the Justiciarship and a royalist, Philip Basset, appointed in his place.
[Sidenote: Simon's rising] The news of this counter-revolution reunited for a moment the barons.
Gloucester joined Earl Simon in calling an autumn Parliament at St.
Alban's, and in summoning to it three knights from every shire south of Trent.