Each power specifically pledged itself not to make a separate peace.] [Footnote 101: Published in Chapter XI, page 327.] [Footnote 102: Colonel House's summer home in Massachusetts.] [Footnote 103: Ambassador from Austria-Hungary to the United States.] [Footnote 104: This, with certain modifications is Article 10 of the Covenant of the League of Nations.] [Footnote 105: There is a suggestion of these provisions in Article 8 of the League Covenant.] [Footnote 106: Article 11 of the League Covenant reflects the influence of this idea.] [Footnote 107: From the President's second message to Congress, December 8, 1914: "It is our dearest present hope that this character and reputation may presently, in God's providence, bring us an opportunity, such as has seldom been vouchsafed any nation, to counsel and obtain peace in the world and reconciliation and a healing settlement of many a matter that has cooled and interrupted the friendship of nations."] [Footnote 108: The opening of the Dardanelles would have given Russian agricultural products access to the markets of the world and thus have preserved the Russian economic structure.

It would also have enabled the Entente to munition the Russian Army.

With a completely equipped Russian Army in the East and the Entente Army in the West, Germany could not long have survived the pressure.] [Footnote 109: German Under Foreign Secretary.] [Footnote 110: It was the Wilson Administration's plan that there should be two peace gatherings, one of the belligerents to settle the war, and the other of belligerents and neutrals, to settle questions of general importance growing out of the war.

This latter is what Colonel House means by "the second convention."] [Footnote 111: Mr.Pleasant A.Stovall, American Minister to Switzerland.] [Footnote 112: Mr.Thomas Nelson Page, American Ambassador to Italy.] [Footnote 113: Mr.Joseph E.Willard.American Ambassador to Spain.].