Again the hope of a Polo-Lithuanian alliance, and a recovery of the lost Polish provinces in the Ukraine, and the reestablishment of an independent kingdom of Poland, dared to assert itself, and to invite a more complete destruction.
The liberal Russians might have sympathized with the first moderate demand, but when by the last there was an attempt made upon the integrity of Russia, there was but one voice in the empire.

So cruel and so vindictive was the punishment of the Poles, by Liberals and Conservatives alike, that Europe at last in 1863 protested.

The Polish language and even alphabet were prohibited.

Every noble in the land had been involved in this last conspiracy.

They were ordered to sell their lands, and all Poles were forbidden to be its purchasers.
Nothing of Poland was left which could ever rise again..