The press was strictly censored, the charter altered, the law of primogeniture restored; and when saluted on the streets of Paris by cries of "Give us back our charter!" the answer made to his people by this infatuated man was, "I am here to receive homage, not counsel." One wonders that a brother of Louis XVI., one who had been a fugitive from a Paris mob in 1789--if he had a memory--dared to exasperate the people of France.
On the 29th of July a revolt had become a Revolution, and once more the Marquis de Lafayette was in charge of the municipal troops, which assembled at St.Cloud and other defensive points.
[Illustration: The Revolution of July 28, 1830.

From the painting by Delacroix.] In vain did Charles protest that he would revoke every offensive ordinance, and restore the charter.

It was too late.
Louis Philippe, Duke of Orleans, was appointed lieutenant-general of the kingdom.

When he appeared at the Hotel de Ville wearing the tricolor, his future was already assured.
There was only one thing left now for Charles to do: he formally abdicated, and signed the paper authorizing the appointment of his cousin to the position of lieutenant-general; and ten days later, Louis Philippe, son of Philippe Egalite, occupied the throne he left.
The note struck by this new king was the absolute surrender of the principle of divine right.

He was a "citizen king"; his title being bestowed not by a divine hand, but by the people, whose voice was the voice of God! The title itself bore witness to a new order of things.
Louis Philippe was not King of France, but "King of the French." King of France carried with it the old feudal idea of proprietorship and sovereignty; while a King of the French was merely a leader of the people, not the owner of their soil.