William of Orange was now King of England.

James had been driven off his throne, and his daughter Mary and her husband, William of Orange, wore the double crown.

All the hostile European states, under William's leadership, sprang together for the common defence of Europe from this detested foe.
The smothered hatred of Holland and every protestant state burst into flame, and the great War of the Coalition commenced.

Beginning with the League of Augsburg, in 1688, it continued until the peace of Ryswick, 1697, with the defeat of France all along the line.
Humiliated and broken, there remained for the king an opportunity to retrieve the past by attaching the Spanish peninsula to France.

There was a vacant throne at Madrid which his grandson Philip, through the neglected Queen Maria Theresa, might claim as his inheritance.