19/20 Germany was shaken to its centre by Protestantism, and the reign of Charles V.was to be spent in ineffectual conflict with the Reformation, which would ultimately tear the Empire asunder. England was openly and avowedly Protestant, while Spain and Italy remained unchangeably Catholic. He was in turn the ally of Henry VIII. or the willing tool of Charles V. If he needed the English king's friendship, the Protestants had protection. |