Woolsey waited in hourly expectation of the summons to Rome.

But it never came! Then Francis resolved to win by force what he had lost by diplomacy.
Charles succeeded in winning the pope to his side of the contest with the purpose of driving the French out of Italy.

The attempt quickly ended in the defeat of the French, and for Francis capture, and a year's imprisonment in Madrid; his release only obtained by abandoning all claims upon Italy; and in 1547 the showy and ineffectual reign of Francis I.was terminated by his death, which occurred almost immediately after that of Henry VIII.

in England.
While these events were taking place, a less conspicuous but vastly more significant conflict had developed.

In 1517, Martin Luther, the obscure monk, had hurled defiance at the Church of Rome, arraigning Leo X.for corrupt practices; especially the enrichment of the Church by the sale of indulgences.