So long as the existing mass of our crude and unassimilated colored population holds its present place in the body politic, we must expect that civilization and political rights will oscillate between alternate perils--the peril that comes from the white man when he places civilization, or sometimes his travesty of it, higher than the Negro's political rights, and the peril that comes from the black man when his political rights are placed by himself or others higher than civilization--President James C.Willing, on "Race Education" in _The North American Review_, April, 1883.
[9] By virtue of the power and for the purposes aforesaid, I do ordain and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States, are and henceforth shall be free; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons .-- Abraham Lincoln's _Emancipation Proclamation_.
[10] From Williams's _History of the Negro Race in America_ I construct the following table showing the number of colored troops employed by the Federal Government during the war of the Rebellion: Colored Troops Furnished 1861-65 Total of New England States 7,916 Total of Middle States 13,922 Total, Western States and Territories 12,711 Total, Border States 45,184 Total, Southern States 63,571 -- ----- Grand Total States 143,304 At Large 733 Not accounted for 5,083 Officers 7,122 -- ----- Grand total 156,242 This gives colored troops enlisted in the States in Rebellion; besides this, there were 92,576 colored troops (included with the white soldiers) in the quotas of the several States..