In 1833 the builders of Manchester forfeited $360,000 by voluntary idleness.

In 1836 the spinners of Preston threw away $286,000.

Eighteen years afterward their successor, seventeen thousand strong, slowly starved through thirty-six weeks and paid $1,200,000 for the privilege.

In 1853 the English iron-workers lost $12,000 by a strike.

Such losses marked, too, the strikes of the London builders in 1860, and tailors in 1868, and the northern iron-workers in 1865.