At least half.
* * * * * As I have devoted some space to the general condition of labor in the whole country, and as some of my statements and conclusions may be looked upon as extravagant, I deem it very pertinent to add to the appendix a portion of the testimony of Dr.R.Heber Newton, given before Senator Blair's Committee on the "_Relations between Capital and Labor_," in New York City, September 18, 1883 (Vol.II., p.

535).
Dr.Newton is recognized as a clear thinker and a ready writer not only on theological but on economic questions as well.

His testimony on the points to which I have asked attention was as follows: A LABOR QUESTION COMING The broad fact that the United States census of 1870 estimated the average annual income of our wage-workers at a little over $400 per capita, and that the census of 1880 estimates it at a little over $300 per capita, is the quite sufficient evidence that there is a labor question coming upon us in this country.

The average wages of 1870 indicated, after due allowance for the inclusion of women and children, a mass of miserably paid labor--that is, of impoverished and degraded labor.

The average wages of 1880 indicated that this mass of semi-pauperized labor is rapidly increasing, and that its condition has become 25 per cent worse in ten years.