Yet even the Chronicle nowhere speaks of absolute extermination: that idea has been wholly read into its words, not directly inferred from them.

A great deal has been made of the massacre at Pevensey; but we hear nothing of similar massacres at the great Roman cities--at London, at York, at Verulam, at Bath, at Cirencester, which would surely have attracted more attention than a small outlying fortress like Anderida.

Even the Teutonic champions themselves admit that some, at least, of the Celts were incorporated into the English community.

"The women," says Mr.Freeman, "would, doubtless, be largely spared;" while as to the men, he observes, "we may be sure that death, emigration, or personal slavery were the only alternatives which the vanquished found at the hands of our fathers." But there is a vast gulf, from the ethnological point of view, between exterminating a nation and enslaving it.[2] [2] In this and a few other cases, modern authorities are quoted merely to show that the essential facts of a large Welsh survival are really admitted even by those who most strongly argue in favour of the general Teutonic origin of Englishmen.
In the cities, indeed, it would seem that the Britons remained in great numbers.

The Welsh bards complain that the urban race of Romanised natives known as Loegrians, "became as Saxons." Mr.Kemble has shown that the English did not by any means always massacre the inhabitants of the cities.