PART II.
NEW YORK HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY 1887 _AUTHOR'S EDITION_ CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.
* * * * * CHAPTER VII.
TORQUATO TASSO.
Tasso's Relation to his Age--Balbi on that Period--The Life of Bernardo Tasso--Torquato's Boyhood--Sorrento, Naples, Rome, Urbino--His first Glimpse of the Court--Student Life at Padua and Bologna--The _Rinaldo_--Dialogues on Epic Poetry--Enters the Service of Cardinal d'Este--The Court of Ferrara--Alfonso II.

and the Princesses--Problem of Tasso's Love--Goes to France with Cardinal d'Este--Enters the Service of Duke Alfonso--The _Aminta_--Tasso at Urbino--Return to Ferrara--Revision of the _Gerusalemme_--Jealousies at Court--Tasso's Sense of His own Importance--Plans a Change from Ferrara to Florence--First Symptoms of Mental Disorder--Persecutions of the Ferrarese Courtiers--Tasso confined as a Semi-madman--Goes with Duke Alfonso to Belriguardo--Flies in Disguise from Ferrara to Sorrento--Returns to Court Life at Ferrara--Problem of his Madness--Flies again--Mantua, Venice, Urbino, Turin--Returns once more to Ferrara--Alfonso's Third Marriage--Tasso's Discontent--Imprisoned for Seven Years in the Madhouse of S.Anna--Character of Tasso--Character of Duke Alfonso--Nature of the Poet's Malady--His Course of Life in Prison--Released at the Intercession of Vincenzo Gonzaga--Goes to Mantua--The _Torrismondo_--An Odyssey of Nine Years--Death at Sant Onofrio in Rome--Constantini's Sonnet CHAPTER VIII.
THE "GERUSALEMME LIBERATA." Problem of Creating Heroic Poetry--The Preface to Tasso's _Rinaldo_--Subject of _Rinaldo_--Blending of Romantic Motives with Heroic Style--Imitation of Virgil--Melody and Sentiment--Choice of Theme for the _Gerusalemme_--It becomes a Romantic Poem after all--Tancredi the real Hero--Nobility of Tone--Virgilian Imitation--Borrowings from Dante--Involved Diction--Employment of Sonorous Polysyllabic Words--Quality of Religious Emotion in this Poem--Rhetoric--Similes--The Grand Style of Pathos--Verbal Music--The Chant d'Amour--Armida--Tasso's Favorite Phrase, _Un non so che_--His Power over Melody and Tender Feeling--Critique of Tasso's Later Poems--General Survey of his Character CHAPTER IX.
GIORDANO BRUNO.
Scientific Bias of the Italians checked by Catholic Revival--Boyhood of Bruno--Enters Order of S.Dominic at Naples--Early Accusations of Heresy--Escapes to Rome--Teaches the Sphere at Noli--Visits Venice--At Geneva--At Toulouse--At Paris--His Intercourse with Henri III .-- Visits England--The French Ambassador in London--Oxford--Bruno's Literary Work in England--Returns to Paris--Journeys into Germany--Wittenberg, Helmstaedt, Frankfort--Invitation to Venice from Giovanni Mocenigo--His Life in Venice--Mocenigo denounces him to the Inquisition--His Trial at Venice--Removal to Rome--Death by Burning in 1600--Bruno's Relation to the Thought of his Age and to the Thought of Modern Europe--Outlines of his Philosophy CHAPTER X.
FRA PAOLO SARPI.
Sarpi's Position in the History of Venice--Parents and Boyhood--Entrance into the Order of the Servites--His Personal Qualities--Achievements as a Scholar and a Man of Science--His Life among the Servites--In Bad Odor at Rome--Paul V.places Venice under Interdict--Sarpi elected Theologian and Counselor of the Republic--His Polemical Writings--Views on Church and State--The Interdict Removed--Roman Vengeance--Sarpi attacked by Bravi--His Wounds, Illness, Recovery--Subsequent History of the Assassins--Further Attempts on Sarpi's Life--Sarpi's Political and Historical Works--History of the Council of Trent--Sarpi's Attitude towards Protestantism His Judgment of the Jesuits--Sarpi's Death--The Christian Stoic CHAPTER XI.
GUARINI, MARINO, CHIABRERA, TASSONI.
Dearth of Great Men--Guarini a Link between Tasso and the Seventeenth Century--His Biography--The _Pastor Fido_--Qualities of Guarini as Poet--Marino the Dictator of Letters--His Riotous Youth at Naples--Life at Rome, Turin, Paris--Publishes the _Adone_--The Epic of Voluptuousness--Character and Action of Adonis--Marino's Hypocrisy--Sentimental Sweetness--Brutal Violence--Violation of Artistic Taste--Great Powers of the Poet--Structure of the _Adone_--Musical Fluency--Marinism--Marino's Patriotic Verses--Contrast between Chiabrera and Marino--An Aspirant after Pindar--Chiabrera's Biography--His Court Life--Efforts of Poets in the Seventeenth Century to attain to Novelty--Chiabrera's Failure--Tassoni's Life--His Thirst to Innovate--Origin of the _Secchia Rapita_--Mock-Heroic Poetiy--The Plot of this Poem--Its Peculiar Humor--Irony and Satire--Novelty of the Species--Lyrical Interbreathings--Sustained Contrast of Parody and Pathos--The Poet Testi CHAPTER XII.
PALESTRINA AND THE ORIGINS OF MODERN MUSIC.
Italy in Renaissance produces no National School of Music--Flemish Composers in Rome--Singers and Orchestra--The Chaotic, Indecency of this Contrapuntal Style--Palestrina's Birth and Early History--Decrees of the Tridentine Council upon Church Music--The Mass of Pope Marcello--Palestrina Satisfies the Cardinals with his New Style of Sacred Music--Pius IV.

and his Partiality for Music--Palestrina and Filippo Neri--His Motetts--The Song of Solomon set to Melody--Palestrina, the Saviour of Music--The Founder of the Modern Style--Florentine Essays in the Oratorio CHAPTER XIII.
THE BOLOGNESE SCHOOL OF PAINTERS.
Decline of Plastic Art--Dates of the Eclectic Masters--The Mannerists--Baroccio--Reaction started by Lodovico Caracci--His Cousins Annibale and Agostino--Their Studies--Their Academy at Bologna--Their Artistic Aims--Dionysius Calvaert--Guido Reni--The Man and his Art--Domenichino--Ruskin's Criticism--Relation of Domenichino to the Piety of his Age--Caravaggio and the Realists--Ribera--Lo Spagna--Guercino--His Qualities as Colorist--His Terribleness--Private Life--Digression upon Criticism--Reasons why the Bolognese Painters, are justly now Neglected CHAPTER XIV.
CONCLUSION.
The Main Events of European History--Italy in the Renaissance--Germany and Reformation--Catholic Reaction--Its Antagonism to Renaissance and Reformation--Profound Identity of Renaissance and Reformation--Place of Italy in European Civilization--Want of Sympathy between Latin and Teutonic Races--Relation of Rome to Italy--Macaulay on the Roman Church--On Protestantism--Early Decline of Renaissance Enthusiasms--Italy's Present and Future RENAISSANCE IN ITALY..