The first, which remained in force up to the year 1203, may be called the episcopal.

The second was the Apostolical or Dominican: it transferred this jurisdiction from the bishops to the Papacy, who employed the order of S.Dominic for the special service of the tribunal instituted by the Imperial decrees of Frederick II.

The third deserves no other name than Spanish, though, after it had taken shape in Spain, it was transferred to Portugal, applied in all the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, and communicated with some modifications to Italy and the Netherlands.[82] Both the second and third types of Inquisition into heresy were Spanish inventions, patented by the Roman Pontiffs and monopolized by the Dominican order.

But the third and final form of the Holy Office in Spain distinguished itself by emancipation from Papal and Royal control, and by a specific organization which rendered it the most formidable of irresponsible engines in the annals of religious institutions.
[Footnote 82: Sarpi estimates the number of victims in the Netherlands during the reign of Charles V.at 50,000; Grotius at 100,000.

In the reign of Philip II.