The charges brought against these persons prove at once the mainly speculative and innocuous character of Italian heresy, and the implacable enmity which a Pope of Caraffa's stamp exercised against the slightest shadow of heterodoxy.] This in itself was significant of the new _regime_ which now began in Rome.

Morone, like his master, understood that the Church could best be guided by diplomacy and arts of peace.

The two together brought the Council of Trent to that conclusion which left an undisputed sovereignty in theological and ecclesiastical affairs to the Papacy.

It would have been impossible for a man of Caraffa's stamp to achieve what these sagacious temporizers and adroit managers effected.
Without advancing the same arrogant claims to spiritual supremacy as Paul had made, Pius was by no means a feeble Pontiff.

He knew that the temper of the times demanded wise concessions; but he also knew how to win through these concessions the reality of power.