Owing to the prostration of Italy, there was now no resistance to the Pope's secular supremacy within the limits of his authorized dominion.

The defeat of France and the accession of a Spanish monarch to the Empire guaranteed peace.

No foreign force could levy armies or foment uprisings in the name of independence.

Venice had been stunned and mutilated by the League of Cambray.

Florence had been enslaved after the battle of Ravenna.