In 1667, before he was 20, he commanded the Pembroke, and in 1671 the Fairfax, in Sir Robert Holmes's action with the Dutch Smyrna fleet, and in the battle of Solebay.

In 1673 he commanded the Royal Catherine (84), and served throughout Rupert's campaign with distinction.

Since then, as has been said, he had successfully conducted the evacuation of Tangier.

If on this occasion he needed advice he had at hand some of the best, in the person of his flag officers, Sir Roger Strickland and Sir John Berry, two of the most seasoned old 'tarpaulins' in the service, and both in high estimation as naval experts with James.
The amendments introduced into these instructions, although not extensive, point to a continued development.

We note first that James's Articles 3 and 4 are combined in Dartmouth's Article 3, so as to ensure the close-hauled line being formed before any attempt is made to divide the enemy's fleet.