8, giving a signal for any squadron that has weathered part of the enemy by dividing or otherwise to bear down and come to close action; and No.

17, for such a squadron to bear down through the enemy's line and rejoin the admiral.

All of these rules are obviously the outcome of known incidents in the late war.

There are also suggested additions or alterations to the old articles to the following effect: (1) When commanders are in doubt or out of sight of the admiral, they are to press the headmost ships of the enemy all they can; (2) When the enemy 'stays to fight' they are to concentrate on his weathermost ships, instead of his headmost, as under the old rule; (3) Finally, while preserving the line, they are to remember that their first duty is 'to press the weathermost ships and relieve such as are in distress.' It is this last addition to the Duke of York's sixteenth article that contains the pith of the author's ideas.

All his examples are chosen to show that the system of bearing down together from windward in a line parallel to that of the enemy is radically defective, even if all the advantages of position and superior force are with you, and for this reason--that if you succeed in defeating part of the enemy's line you cannot follow up your success with the victorious part of your own without sacrificing your advantage of position, and giving the enemy a chance of turning the tables on you.