They were all superseded the following year by the new Admiralty Committee of the Council of State.
[2] _Supra_, p.63.It may also be noted that these articles are intended for a fleet not large enough to be divided into squadrons--just such a fleet in fact as that in which Penn was flying his flag.

The units contemplated, _e.g._ in Articles 2-4, are 'ships,' whereas in the corresponding articles of 1653 the units are 'squadrons.' [3] Gardiner, _Dutch War_, i.

9.
[4] This at least is what Van Galen's crabbed old Dutch seems to mean.
'Alsoo naer bij quam dat se couden toe schieter dragen, de elcken heer onder den windt, gaven so elck hare laghe dan vinjt d'eene sijde, dan veer van d'anden sijde, hielden alsdan met haer schepen voor den vindt tal dat se weer claer waren, dan wast alsvooren met cannoneren van de heele lagh en in sonderheijt op mijn onderhebbende schip vier gaven van meeninge masten aft stengen overboort to schieten.' A copy of Van Galen's despatch is amongst Dr.Gardiner's _Dutch War_ transcripts.
[5] See De Jonghe's introduction to his Third Book on 'The Condition of the British and Dutch Navies at the outbreak of and during the Second English War,' _Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewesen_, vol.ii.
part ii.pp.

132-141, and his digression on Tactics, pp.

290 _et seq._, and p.