PART IV.
THE FIRST DUTCH WAR I.ENGLISH AND DUTCH ORDERS ON THE EVE OF THE WAR, 1648-52 II.

ORDERS ISSUED DURING THE WAR, 1653-54 I ENGLISH AND DUTCH ORDERS ON THE EVE OF THE WAR, 1648-53 INTRODUCTORY From the foregoing examples it will be seen that at the advent of the Commonwealth, which was to set on foot so sweeping a revolution in the naval art, all attempts to formulate a tactical system had been abandoned.

This is confirmed by the following extract from the orders issued by the Long Parliament in 1648.

It was the time when the revolt of a part of the fleet and a rising in the South Eastern counties led the government to apprehend a naval coalition of certain foreign powers in favour of Charles.

It is printed by Granville Penn in his _Memorials of Sir William Penn_ as having been issued in 1647, but the original copy of the orders amongst the Penn Tracts (_Sloane MSS._ 1709, f.