317, 346.
_See also_ Admiral, station of Forcing, 227, 334 Foreign views of British tactics, 97-8, 118-9, 337-9 Frederick, Rear-Admiral, 254 _n._, 255 Frigates, _see_ Cruisers Galen, Admiral Johann van, 84 Galleys, tactics of, 6; used with sailing ships, 18-24 Gambier, Admiral Lord, 322-3, 325; his instructions, 327-8 Gambling, 43-4, 52 General chase, 130, 193, 221, 226 'General' for naval conmander-in-chief, 82, 93, 99 General Instructions, 268, 342 George of Denmark, Prince, 195 Gibraltar, 196, 225, 235-6 Glanville, Sir John, 63 _n_.
Gorges, Sir William, 32-5, 50 Grain, 101 and _n_.
Grappling, 7, 12, 248, 250 Grasse, Vice-Admiral Comte de, 238, 285-6 Graves, Admiral Lord, 212 Gravina, Admiral, 264 Greenwood, Jonathan, his signal book, 233 _n_.
Grenades, 11 Grenier, Vicomte de, his tactical treatise, 285 Group tactics, 50-1, 74, 85-7, 338 Guiche, Comte de, on English and Dutch tactics, 118-9 Guides, 239, 240-1, 278-9 Gunfire as basis of tactics, 120 Gunners and gun crews, 35, 62, 69.
_See also_ Seamen gunners Gunnery, 69, 97, 263.
_See also_ Close action, and Fire discipline Hand-guns, 11 Harpoons, 11 Harvey, Captain Eliab, 297, 310 Hawke, Lord, 116,209,210-1; his Additional Instructions, 217-8, 312 Hawkins, Sir Richard, 34 Henry VIII, 14, 18 Herbert, Admiral, _See_ Torrington Hill, General Lord, 292 Holmes, Admiral Sir Robert, 132 _n_.
Hood, Vice-Admiral Sir Samuel, 322 Hood, Viscount, 211-4; his additional signals, 228-9, 236-8, 255 Hope, Captain George, 295, 303, 320 _n_.
Hoste, Pere Paul, his _Evolutions Navales_, 97-8, 113-4, 179-83, 225 _n._, 235-6, 257, 262-3, 308 Howard of Effingham, Lord, 27, 29 Howard, Sir Edward, 14 Howe, Earl, 184-5, 225 _n._; as first lord, 233-8, 252 _et seq._, 262-5, 267; his great manoeuvre, 255-62, 265, 267, 287, 308, 311, 336 Hygiene, 44, 60 Initiative, 267-8, 279, 314.
_See also_ Divisions, independent control of Intervals, 67, 113, 127, 158, 191, 220, 222-3, 244, 327-8, 330 _n_.
Jack-flag, 108 and _n_.
James II, 168.
_See also_ York, Duke of Jervis, Admiral Sir John, Earl of St.Vincent, 254, 265-6 Jonquiere, Admiral de la, 209 Jordan, Admiral Sir Joseph, 141, 155 _n_.
Keats, Admiral Sir Richard Goodwin, 290-2, 295-6, 304, 311, 322 Keith, Admiral Lord, 336, 341 Keppel, Admiral Augustus, Viscount, 235, 258 Knowles, Admiral Sir Charles, 1st bart.

(_ob._ 1777), 224 _n._, 235, 258 Knowles, Admiral Sir Charles Henry, 2nd bart.

(1754-1831), 185, 210, 235 _n._, 235-7, 257-8, 260-1 Landing, 16 Lasking, 171 Lawson, Admiral Sir John, 112 Lestock, Admiral, 188 _n._, 205-8 Lindsey, Robert Bertie, Earl of, 76-7, 85 Line.

_See also_ Orders of battle.
Abreast, 75, 107-9, 165-6, 220 Ahead, origin of, 28-36, 42, 59, 62, 82-7; first instructions for, 92, 95-9, 100-2, 108-9, 124-6; insistence on, 134-5, 149, 155, 159, 335-9; close hauled, first use of, 113; invented by English, 118-21 of bearing, _see_ Quarter line Breaking the, 114, 136-7, 142, 149, 153, 158 _n._, 169-70, 176-8, 182, 212, 229, 237, 289, 314-5, 324-5; early objections to, 145, 153 _n._, 183-4, 256; the two methods of, 255-62, 264-6, 279, 326-7, 330-3; synonyms for, 261 Closing up, 192, 198, 241, 243 Equalising, 205, 219, 221, 227, 346.
_See also_ Reserve, corps de Forming, as convenient, 170-1, 221, 226, 277 Inverting, 226-7, 238, 331-2 Position of squadrons in, 239-40 Principles of, stated, 269, 342 Quitting the, 161, 193, 198, 247, 273-4.
_See also_ Equalising Early Spanish use of, 8-10; early English, 28-36, 42, 59, 62 Reactions against, 115-6, 159 _n._, 186, 283-9, 335-9 Reduplication of, 118-9, 312-3, 338, 342 _n._, 352 Linstocks, 11 Lisle, John Dudley, Lord, 18-24, 291, 296 Louisbourg, 203 Love, Sir Thomas, 49-51, 61 _n._ Macpherson, Alexander, 225 Malta, 164 Mathews, Admiral, 188 _n._, 190 _n._, 196, 205-8, 210 Medows, Captain Charles, 225 _Melee_, 259, 267, 291 Monck, George, Duke of Albemarle, 93-9; orders of, 99-104, 107, 111-5, 134-6 Monson, Sir William, on tactics, 76 Moore, Admiral Sir Graham, 336 Moorsom, Vice-Admiral Constantine, 298-9 Moorsom, Captain Robert, 298-9, 311 _n._ Morogues, Bigot de, his _Tactique navale_, 171 _n._, 185, 285 _n._, 327 Mortemart, Duc de, 179 Moulton, Captain Robert, his seabook, 112, 126 _n._, 129 _n._, 151 _n._ Musket-arrows, 34 Mutual support, 61, 67, 74, 85-6, 89, 91, 100-1, 123, 129, 172, 266-7, 283 Myngs, Admiral Sir Christopher, 136-7 Narbrough, Admiral Sir John, 164-7 Nelson, Admiral Lord, 116, 185, 214, 257, 259, 261, 266, 321-7, 335-42 His general orders (1798-1801), 264, 287-9 His memorandum (1803) 261, 280-1, 289-90, 313-6 His memorandum (1805), 272 _n._, 282-313, 316-20, 353-4 'Nelson touch,' the, 283, 293, 296, 299-313, 326 Norris, Admiral Sir John, 196, 206-7 Oar propulsion, 18-24 O'Bryen, Lieutenant Christopher, his translation of Hoste, 236 _n._ Order of battle, forming, as convenient, 70-1 Orders of battle.
Early Spanish, 8-10; English, 19-24, 50-1, 65 _et seq_,, 74-5; wedge-shaped, 9, 19; Baskerville's, 30; Boteler on, 73-6; crescent, 75, 94, 351; in two lines, 209, 214, 220, 226, 229, 285, 294-300, 305, 323; in three lines, 286, 289-296, 354 Order of sailing, 29, 50, 225 _n._, 235; as order of battle, 316, 322, 327, 340 Parisot, his account of Trafalgar, 310 _n._ Pellew, Captain Israel, 299, 351 _n._ Penn, Admiral Sir William, 81, 92, 96, 98, 135; orders of, 99-104, 114; his talk with Pepys, 120-1 Pepys, Samuel, 117 _n._, 120-1, 168-9 Perez de Grandallana, Don Domingo, 267 Pigot, Admiral Hugh, 212, 228-9 _n._, 237, 255, 260 Popham, Admiral Sir Home, 254, 335-6 Prayers, 33, 36, 52 Preparative signals, 269 Prizes, treatment of, 103, 112 Quarter line, 209, 216-7, 225, 242, 269-71, 344; at Trafalgar, 311-2 Quarters, 41-2, 58-9, 62, 69-70 Raking, 170, 221 Ralegh, Sir Walter, 27 _et seq._, 50 Rear-concentration, 143-4, 145 _n._, 180, 221, 226, 238, 249, 263, 289, 293, 310, 313-9, 330-3, 339-41 Repeating ships, 142, 199, 243, 271, 305 _n._, 308, 344 Reserve, Corps de, 205, 214, 219, 221, 227, 241, 243, 269, 272, 276, 331, 335.

345.
_See also_ Equalising and Quitting the line Reserve squadrons, 7, 12, 50-1, 67, 71 Retreat, order of, 94 and _n._, 165.
_See also_ Dispersing Rockets as signals, 163 _n_.
Rodney, Lord, 184-5, 2O9, 211-3; Additional Instructions used by, 225, 227 _n._, 228 _n._, 236-7, 255-62, 284-5, 287 Rooke, Admiral Sir George, 187, 195-9, 207 Rupert, Prince, 111-2, 115-7; Instructions of, 129-30, 133-6, 159 _n._, 169 Russell, Admiral Edward, Earl of Orford, 175 _et seq._, 187-96, 233 _n_.
Ruyter, Admiral Michiel de, 87, 119, 156 _n_.
Sailing order, _see_ Order of sailing Sailors serving ashore, 37, 56 Sandwich, Edward Mountagu, Earl of, 82, 107-9, 111-2, 165 Saumarez, Admiral Lord de, 262 Scouts, _see_ Cruisers Sealed orders, 38 Seamen gunners, 35, 41 Ship-money fleets, 76-7 Ships, lists of, 20-2, 65-6, 71, 166 Achille, 352 Agamemnon, 301, 303-4, 311 _n._ Anne Royal, 63, 65 Assurance, 81 Bahama, 352 Belleisle, 294, 300, 304, 357 Bellerophon, 300, 304, 305 _n._, 357 Britannia, 195, 354 Bucentaure, 309, 351 Colossus, 300-1, 303-6, 352, 357 Conqueror, 299,305 _n._, 351 _n_.
Defence, 295, 301, 303-4 Defiance, 305 _n_.
Dreadnought (1578), 65; (1805), 354 Euryalus, 305 _n._, 308-9 Leviathan, 304, 351 _n_.
Marlborough, 253 Mars, 300-1, 303-6, 357 Neptune, 351 _n_.
Orion, 301-2, 304-5 Pembroke, 169 Polyphemus, 304 Prince, 354 Prince of Wales, 322 Queen Charlotte, 252 Redoutable, 309 Revenge, 298, 311 _n_.
Royal Catherine, 169 Royal Charles, 111, 128-9 Royal James, 112 _n_.
Royal Sovereign, 300, 357 St.George, 264 Santa Ana, 309 Santisima Trinidad, 309-10 Shannon, 225 Superb, 290 Swiftsure, 352 Temeraire, 300, 308, 310, 357 Vanguard, 287 Victory, 293, 299, 300, 305, 3O7-8, 357 Shot-holes, 62, 69 Shovell, Admiral Sir Clowdisley, 195, 198 _n._ Sidmouth, Lord, 292, 295 Sign (for signal), 82 Signal books, introduction of, 233 and _n._, 234 and _n._ Signal officers, 216, 299 Signals, early forms of, 10, 38, 54-8, 73; improvements in, 242, 152 _n._, 155 _n._, 163 _n._, 233, _et seq._, 254 _n._; numerical, 235 Slinging yards, 70 Smoke, tactical value of, 8, 10, 15, 16 Soldiers at sea, 35, 37, 41, 53, 56, 59,69; as admirals, 29-30, 49, 73-6, 96 Spain, orders adopted from, 18, 33 _n._, 41 _n._ Spanish Armament, the (1790), 253 Squadronal organisation, 50-1, 55, 65-7, 73-4, 85-7, 186-9, 193-4, 322 Stanhope, Vice-Admiral, 322 Station, changing, 218, 226, 243, 276; keeping, 222, 224, 228, _See also_ Line, quitting the Stinkballs, 11 Strickland, Admiral Sir Roger, 169 Sub-squadrons, 50-1, 65-7, 85, 87, 322-3.
_See also_ Divisions Tacking in succession, first signal for, 113, 127-8 Tactical exercises, 209, 253, 285 _n._ Tactics, principles of, 283-4, 286.
_See also_ Concentration, Confusing, Containing, Mutual support Oscillations in, 178, 213 Dutch, 50, 66-7, 73, 85-7, 97-8, 114, 118-20, 313 French, 185, 258-9, 267-8, 285-6 Spanish, 267-8.
_See also_ Chaves, Alonso de Treatises on, _see_ Hoste, Morogues, Clerk, Grenier, Knowles Tangier, 168 Telegraphing, 254 _n._ Tobacco smoking, 37 Torrington, Admiral Arthur Herbert, Earl of, 141, 177, 181, 187, 236 Toulouse, Comte de, 196 Tourville, Marechal de, 179-181 Transports, 71 Tromp, Admiral Marten Harpertszoon, 83-7, 93-4; orders of, 91 Tromp, Admiral Cornelis Martenszoon, 118, 156 _n._ Van, concentration on, 142-5, 154 _n._ Vane, Sir Harry, 93 Vernon, Admiral, 205-7, 210; his Additional Instructions, 214-216 Villeneuve, Admiral, 264, 286, 308-9, 312-3, 342 _n._ Walsh, Lieutenant John, his signal book, 253 Warren, Vice-Admiral Sir Peter, 285 _n._ Weapons for close quarters, 11, 15 Weather-gage, 8, 15, 16, 23-4, 62, 68, 102, 114, 154, 238 Weft, waft or wheft, 89, 99 Wimbledon, _see_ Cecil Wing squadrons, 18-24, 73 With, Admiral Witte de, 86 Wren, Dr.Mathew, F.R.S., 133, 138-9 York, James, Duke of, 82; his instructions, 110-28, 133-63, 177; his school, 134-5, 178, 338; end of his career, 140 Zamorano, Roderigo, 4 Zante, 164, 167 THE NAVY RECORDS SOCIETY * * * * * _PATRON_ H.R.H.THE PRINCE OF WALES, K.G., K.T., K.P.
_PRESIDENT_ EARL SPENCER, K.G.
THE NAVY RECORDS SOCIETY, which has been established for the purpose of printing rare or unpublished works of naval interest, aims at rendering accessible the sources of our naval history, and at elucidating questions of naval archaeology, construction, administration, organisation and social life.
The Society has already issued:-- In 1894: Vols.