THE TENDENCY OF WARS TO SPREAD Macaulay quoted on the action of Frederick the Great 1 Illustration from Conditions of the Turkish Empire 2 Lesson from the Recent War in the Balkans, 1912-1913 2 The War of American Independence a striking example of the Tendency of Wars to Spread 3 Origin and Train of Events in that War, Traced 3 Inference as to possible Train of Future Events in the History of the United States 4 The Monroe Doctrine Simply a Formulated Precaution against the Tendency of Wars to Spread 4 National Policy as to Asiatic Immigration 4 Necessity of an Adequate Navy if these two National Policies are to be sustained 4 Dependence on Navy Illustrated in the Two Great National Crises; in the War of Independence and in the War of Secession 4 The United States not great in Population in proportion to Territory 5 Nor Wealthy in Proportion to exposed Coast-Line 5 Special Fitness of a Navy to meet these particular conditions 5 The Pacific a great World Problem, dependent mainly on Naval Power 5 CHAPTER I THE NAVAL CAMPAIGN ON LAKE CHAMPLAIN 1775-1776 Preponderant effect of Control of the Water upon the Struggle for American Independence 6 Deducible then from Reason and from Experience 6 Consequent Necessity to the Americans of a Counterpoise to British Navy 6 This obtained through Burgoyne's Surrender 6 The Surrender of Burgoyne traceable directly to the Naval Campaigns on Lake Champlain, 1775, 1776 7 The subsequent Course of the War in all Quarters of the world due to that decisive Campaign 7 The Strategic Problem of Lake Champlain familiar to Americans from the Wars between France and Great Britain prior to 1775 8 Consequent prompt Initiative by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold 8 Energetic Pursuit of first Successes by Arnold 9 Complete Control of Lake Champlain thus secured 9 Invasion of Canada by Montgomery, 1775 9 Arnold marches through Maine Wilderness and joins Montgomery before Quebec 10 Assault on Quebec.

Failure, and Death of Montgomery 10 Arnold maintains Blockade of Quebec, 1776 10 Relief of the Place by British Navy 11 Arnold Retreats to Crown Point 12 Arnold's Schemes and Diligence to create a Lake Navy, 1776 13 Difficulties to be overcome 13 Superior Advantages of the British 13 The British by building acquire Superiority, but too late for effect in 1776 13 Ultimate Consequences from this Retardation 14 Constitution of the Naval Force raised by Arnold 14 He moves with it to the foot of Lake Champlain 15 Takes position for Defence at Valcour Island 15 Particular Difficulties encountered by British 15 Constitution of the British Lake Navy 16 Land Forces of the Opponents 17 Naval Forces of the Two at the Battle of Valcour Island 17 Magnitude of the Stake at Issue 18 Arnold's Purposes and Plans 18 Advance of the British 19 Arnold's Disposition of his Flotilla to receive Attack 20 The Battle of Valcour Island 21 The Americans Worsted 22 Arnold Retreats by night Undetected 23 Pursuit by the British 24 Destruction of the American Vessels 25 British Appreciation of the Importance of the Action, as shown 26 Criticism of the conduct of the Opposing Leaders 26 Arnold's Merit and Gallantry 27 End of the Naval Story of the Lakes 27 Effect of the Campaign upon the Decisive Events of 1777 28.