AN ESTIMATE OF SIR ALFRED MILNER The conditions under which Sir Alfred Milner found himself compelled to shape his policy of conciliation were beset with obstacles and difficulties.

An understanding of these is indispensable to the one who would read aright the history of that period of Imperial evolution.
The question of the refugees who overwhelmed Cape Colony with their lamentations, after they had been obliged to leave the Transvaal at the beginning of the hostilities--the claims of the Rand multi-millionaires--the indignation of the Dutch Colonists confined in concentration camps by order of the military authorities--the Jingoes who thought it would be only right to shoot down every Dutch sympathiser in the country: these were among the things agitating the South African public mind, and setting up conflicting claims impossible of adjustment without bitter censure on one hand or the other.

The wonder is that, amid all these antagonistic elements, Sir Alfred Milner contrived to fulfil the larger part of the tasks which he had sketched out for himself before he left England.
The programme which Sir Alfred planned to carry out proved, in the long run, to have been thoroughly sound in conception and practice, because it contained in embryo all the conditions under which South Africa became united.

It is remarkable, indeed, that such a very short time after a war which seemed altogether to have compromised any hope of coalescing, the Union of South Africa should have become an accomplished fact.
Yet, strange as it may appear, it is certain that up to his retirement from office Sir Alfred Milner was very little known in South Africa.

He had been so well compelled by force of circumstances to lead an isolated life that very few had opportunity to study his character or gain insight into his personality.