It was only four years old, but had already a number of well laid-out broad streets, set on both sides with cottonwood trees, and all the houses were surrounded by gardens.

I explained to Mr.Thatcher that I desired to make excavations in Cave Valley, and he courteously acceded to my wishes, adding that I might take away anything of interest to science.
To reduce expenses, I paid off many of my Mexican men, who then returned to their homes in Sonora, going over the sierra by the trail we had made in coming east.

A few months later several of them returned, bringing others with them, and asked to work again in the camp, which remained in San Diego for about nine months longer--long enough for us to see quite a little trade in oranges, sugar, tobacco, etc., developing between Sonora and Chihuahua by way of the road cut out by us, and called, after me, _el camino del doctor_.
Excavations in Cave Valley were continued, and the burial caves gave even better results than the cave-dwellings.

They were located in the eastern side of the canon, which is rarely touched by the sun's rays.

With one exception the ceilings and sides of these caves were much blackened by smoke.