of Essay, p.

9.n.), though they have some claim to be considered under moral restraint.

But the question will be referred to in a later chapter.
_Moral restraint_ will cover those checks to conception, voluntarily practised in order to escape the burden and responsibility of rearing children--continence, delayed marriage, and intermittent restraint.
No other checks are directly operative.
Misgovernment and the unequal distribution of wealth and land affect population indirectly only, and can only act through one or other or all of the checks already mentioned..