Foreign enemies ravaged the territories of Parthian vassal kings, and retired when they chose, unpunished.
Provinces revolted and established their independence.

Rome was entreated to lend assistance to her distressed and afflicted rival, and met the entreaties with a refusal.

In the wars which still from time to time were waged between the two empires Parthia was almost uniformly worsted.

Three times her capital was occupied, and once her monarch's summer palace was burned.

Province after province had to be ceded to Rome.