Here the Thamanseans were adjoined upon by the Sarangians, who held the land about the lake in which the Helmend terminates--the Seistan of Modern Persia.

Seistan is mainly desert.

One third of the surface of the soil is composed of moving sands, and the other two thirds of a compact sand, mixed with a little clay, but very rich in vegetable matter.

It is traversed by a number of streams, as the Haroot-rud, the river of Furrah, the river of Khash, the Helmend, and others, and is very productive along their banks, which are fertilized by annual inundations; but the country between the streams is for the most part an arid desert.
The Sattagydians and Arachotians divided between them the remainder of Afghanistan, the former probably occupying south-eastern Kabul, from the Ghuzni river and its tributaries to the valley of the Indus, while the latter were located in the modern Candahar, upon the Urghand-ab and Turnuk rivers.

The character of these tracts is similar to that of north-western Kabul, but somewhat less rugged and mountainous.