He made a vigorous effort, first by diplomacy, then by force of arms, to regain them.

Here again he was frustrated, and was compelled to enter into a capitulation by which he acknowledged the independence of the Helvetic States, and their permanent severance from Austrian jurisdiction.
In April, 1498, Charles VIII.

died, and Louis XII.

succeeded him on the throne of France.

Louis immediately made preparations for a new invasion of Italy.