The children of the ghetto displayed considerable heroism and self-sacrifice in the revolutionary upheaval of the seventies.

Jews figured in all important political trials and public manifestations; they languished in the gaols, and suffered as exiles in Siberia.

But this idealistic fight for general freedom lacked a Jewish note, the endeavor to free their own nation which lived in greater thraldom than any other.

And no one at that time ever dreamt that after all these sacrifices the Jews of Russia would be visited by still greater misfortunes, by pogroms and increased disabilities.
5.

THE NEO-HEBRAIC RENAISSANCE With all deflections from the course of normal development, such as are unavoidable in times of violent mental disturbances, the main line of the whole cultural movement, the resultant of the various forces within it, was headed towards the healthy progress of Judaism.