[1] Those Jews who should have failed to attend school were to be restricted in their right of entering the mercantile guilds.

The Jewish Committee refused to limit the rights of those who did not attend the general schools, and proposed, instead, as a bait for the Jews who shunned secular education, to confer special privileges in the discharge of military service upon those Jews who had attended the _gymnazia_ [2] or even the Russian district schools, [3] or the Jewish Crown schools, [4] more exactly, to grant them the right of buying themselves off from conscription by the payment of one hundred to two hundred rubles (1859).

But the Military Department vetoed this proposal on the ground that education would thus bestow privileges upon Jews which were denied even to Christians.

The suggestion, relating to military privileges was therefore abandoned, and the promotion of education among Jews reduced itself to an extension of the right of residence.
[Footnote 1: The latter category comprises primarily the _gymnazia_ (see next note) in which the classic languages are taught, and the so-called _real gymnazia_ in which emphasis is laid on science.

The higher educational institutions, or the institutions of higher learning, are the universities and the professional schools, on which see next page, n.