All this is attested not by theories and doctrines but by the living experience of centuries....

Hence the final goal of any legislation concerning the Jews can be no other than its abrogation, a course demanded equally by the needs of the times, the cause of enlightenment, and the progress of the popular masses.
The fitness of the Jews for full civil equality, to be attained by degrees and in the course of many long years, will be the final goal of the reforms, and will lead at last to the disentangling of that age-long knot.

In saying this, we do not mean to imply that by that time the Jews will have cast off or transformed all those obnoxious qualities which are at present responsible for the fight in which all are engaged against them.

But, as in the case of Europe, this fight can only be terminated by according them full emancipation and equal citizenship.

To place obstacles in the way of this solution would be nothing more than a fruitless attempt to check the course of development of human society and Russian civil life.