Russian legislation had long since contrived to establish revolting restrictions for the Jews also in this domain.

Jews with physical defects which rendered Christians unfit for military service, such as a lower stature and narrower chest, were nevertheless taken into the army.

In the case of a shortage of recruits among the Jewish population even only sons, the sole wage-earners of their families or of their widowed mothers, were drafted, whereas the same category of conscripts among Christians were unconditionally exempt.

[1] Moreover, a Jew serving in the army always remained a private and could never attain to an officer's rank.
[Footnote 1: Compare p.

201.] As if the Government intended to make sport of the Jewish soldiers, the latter were deprived of their right of residence in the localities outside the Pale where they had been stationed, and as soon as their term of service had expired, were sent back into the territory of the Russian-Jewish ghetto.