In January, 1882, the machinery for the manufacture of Jewish disabilities was in full swing.
This organized campaign of the enemies of Judaism, who were preparing administrative pogroms as a sequel to the street pogroms, met with no organized resistance on the part of Russian Jewry.

The small conference of Jewish notables in St.Petersburg, which met in September in secret session, presented a sorry spectacle.

The guests from the provinces, who had been invited by Baron Guenzburg, engaged in discussions about the problem of emigration, the struggle with the anti-Semitic press, and similar questions.

After being presented to Ignatyev, who assured them in diplomatic fashion of the "benevolent intentions of the Government," they returned to their homes, without having achieved anything.
The only social factor in Jewish life was the press, particularly the three periodicals published in Russian, the _Razsvyet_ ("the Dawn"), the _Russki Yevrey_ ("the Russian Jew"), and the _Voskhod_ ("the Sunrise"), [1] but even they revealed the lack of a well-defined policy.
[Footnote 1: See on these papers, p.

219 et seq.] The political movements in Russian Jewry were yet in an embryonic stage, and their rise and development were reserved for a later period.