What Florence spent in recapturing Pisa, after the passage of Charles VIII.
in 1494, is incalculable.

And no sooner was she in difficulties during the siege of 1329, than both Arezzo and Pisa declared for her foes.
It will not do to push historical parallels too far, interesting as it may be to note a repetition of the same phenomena at distant periods and under varying conditions of society.

At the same time, to observe fundamental points of divergence is no less profitable.

Many of the peculiarities of Greek history are attributable to the fact that a Greek commonwealth consisted of citizens living in idleness, supported by their slaves, and bound to the state by military service and by the performance of civic duties.

The distinctive mark of both Venice and Florence, on the other hand, was that their citizens were traders.