_Ist._ end of Book 4.
[3] John Hawkwood (died 1393), the English adventurer, held Cotignola and Bagnacavallo from Gregory XI.

In the second half of the fifteenth century the efforts of the Condottieri to erect tyrannies were most frequent.

Braccio da Montone established himself in Perugia in 1416, and aspired, not without good grounds for hope, to acquiring the kingdom of Italy.

Francesco Sforza, before gaining Milan, had begun to form a despotism at Ancona.

Sforza's rival, Giacomo Piccinino, would probably have succeeded in his own attempt, had not Ferdinand of Aragon treacherously murdered him at Naples in 1465.