Ined._ vol.i.p.

28.
[2] _Ib._ vol.iii.p.

8.
It may with more reason be asked in the next place why Italy did not become a monarchy, and again why she never produced a confederation, uniting the Communes as the Swiss Cantons were combined for mutual support and self-defense.

When we attack the first of these two questions, our immediate answer must be that the Italians had a rooted disinclination for monarchical union.[1] Their most strenuous efforts were directed against it when it seemed to threaten them.

It may be remembered that they were not a new people, needing concentration to secure their bare existence.