Each differentiation owes its origin to causes deeply rooted in the locality.
The freedom and apparent waywardness of nature, when she sets about to form crystals of varying shapes and colors, that shall last and bear her stamp for ever, have governed their uprising and their progress to maturity.

At the same time they exhibit the keen jealousies and mutual hatreds of rival families in the animal kingdom.

Pisa destroys Amalfi; Genoa, Pisa; Venice, Genoa; with ruthless and remorseless egotism in the conflict of commercial interests.

Florence enslaves Pisa because she needs a way to the sea.

Siena and Perugia, upon their inland altitudes, consume themselves in brilliant but unavailing efforts to expand.