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ISLAND PEOPLES.
Physical relationship between islands and peninsulas--Character of insular flora and fauna--Paradoxical influences of island habitat on man--Conservative and radical tendencies born of isolation and accessibility--Islands as nurseries and disseminators of distinctive civilizations--Limitation of small area in insular history--Sources of ethnic stock of islands on nearest mainland.

Ethnic divergence with increased isolation--Differentiation of peoples and civilizations in islands--Differentiation of language--Unification of race in islands--Remoter sources of island populations--Double sources--Mixed population of small thalassic isles--Significant location of island way stations--Thalassic islands as goals of maritime expansion--Political detachability of islands--Insular weakness based upon small area--Island fragments of broken empires--Area and location as factors in political autonomy of islands--Historical effects of island isolation in primitive retardation--Later stimulation of development--Excessive isolation--Protection of an island environment--Islands as places of refuge--Islands as places of survival--Effects of small area in islands--Economic limitations of their small area--Dense population of islands--Geographic causes of this density--Oceanic climate as factor--Relation of density to size--Density affected by a focal location for trade--Overflow of island population and colonies to the mainland--Precocious development of island agriculture--Intensive tillage--Emigration and colonization from islands--Recent emigration from islands--Maritime enterprise as outlet--Artificial checks to population--Polyandry--Infanticide--Low valuation of human life..