HISTORY _( b) Plain_ In those days war was the most lucrative industry open to a young man of breeding, courage, and ability.

Owners of capital regarded it as a sound investment.

What Professor Oman tells us of the Normans in 1066 was equally true of them in 1169: "Duke William had undertaken his expedition not as a mere feudal lord of the barons of Normandy but rather as the managing director of a great joint-stock company for the conquest of England, in which not only his own subjects but hundreds of adventurers, poor and rich, from all parts of Western Europe had taken shares." The Normans, then, came to Ireland with their eyes on three objects.

In the first place, property.

This was to be secured in the case of each individual adventurer by the overthrow of some individual Irish chieftain.