CHAPTER V.
SOLUTIONS AND ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION Sec.1.

Solution: Kirchhoff's, Gibb's, Duhem's and Van t'Hoff's researches.
Sec.2.

Osmosis: History of phenomenon--Traube and biologists establish existence of semi-permeable walls--Villard's experiments with gases--Pfeffer shows osmotic pressure proportional to concentration-- Disagreement as to cause of phenomenon.
Sec.3.Osmosis applied to Solution: Van t'Hoff's discoveries--Analogy between dissolved body and perfect gas--Faults in analogy.
Sec.4.Electrolytic Dissociation: Van t'Hoff's and Arrhenius' researches--Ionic hypothesis of--Fierce opposition to at first--Arrhenius' ideas now triumphant -- Advantages of Arrhenius' hypothesis--"The ions which react"-- Ostwald's conclusions from this--Nernst's theory of Electrolysis--Electrolysis of gases makes electronic theory probable--Faraday's two laws--Valency-- Helmholtz's consequences from Faraday's laws..