CHAPTER X.
THE ETHER AND MATTER Sec.1.The Relations between the Ether and Matter: Attempts to reduce all matter to forms of ether--Emission and absorption phenomena show reciprocal action-- Laws of radiation--Radiation of gases--Production of spectrum--Differences between light and sound variations show difference of media--Cauchy's, Briot's, Carvallo's and Boussinesq's researches--Helmholtz's and Poincare's electromagnetic theories of dispersion.
Sec.2.The Theory of Lorentz:--Mechanics fails to explain relations between ether and matter--Lorentz predicts action of magnet on spectrum--Zeeman's experiment -- Later researches upon Zeeman effect-- Multiplicity of electrons--Lorentz's explanation of thermoelectric phenomena by electrons--Maxwell's and Lorentz's theories do not agree--Lorentz's probably more correct--Earth's movement in relation to ether.
Sec.3.The Mass of Electrons: Thomson's and Max Abraham's view that inertia of charged body due to charge--Longitudinal and transversal mass--Speed of electrons cannot exceed that of light--Ratio of charge to mass and its variation--Electron simple electric charge--Phenomena produced by its acceleration.
Sec.4.New Views on Ether and Matter: Insufficiency of Larmor's view--Ether definable by electric and magnetic fields--Is matter all electrons?
Atom probably positive centre surrounded by negative electrons--Ignorance concerning positive particles--Successive transformations of matter probable -- Gravitation still unaccounted for..