New laws were made to expound the old; and new difficulties arose upon the new laws; as words multiplied, opportunities of cavilling upon them multiplied also.

Then recourse was had to notes, comments, glosses, reports, _responsa prudentum_, learned readings: eagle stood against eagle: authority was set up against authority.

Some were allured by the modern, others reverenced the ancient.

The new were more enlightened, the old were more venerable.

Some adopted the comment, others stuck to the text.
The confusion increased, the mist thickened, until it could be discovered no longer what was allowed or forbidden, what things were in property, and what common.