viii.
c.

10 .-- DAVIS.
[224] The passage of Aristotle's works to which Cicero here alludes is entirely lost; but Plutarch gives a similar account.
[225] Balbus does not tell us the remedy which the panther makes use of; but Pliny is not quite so delicate: he says, _excrementis hominis sibi medetur_.
[226] Aristotle says they purge themselves with this herb after they fawn.

Pliny says both before and after.
[227] The cuttle-fish has a bag at its neck, the black blood of which the Romans used for ink.

It was called _atramentum_.
[228] The Euphrates is said to carry into Mesopotamia a large quantity of citrons, with which it covers the fields.
[229] Q.Curtius, and some other authors, say the Ganges is the largest river in India; but Ammianus Marcellinus concurs with Cicero in calling the river Indus the largest of all rivers.
[230] These Etesian winds return periodically once a year, and blow at certain seasons, and for a certain time.
[231] Some read _mollitur_, and some _molitur;_ the latter of which P.
Manucius justly prefers, from the verb _molo_, _molis;_ from whence, says he, _molares dentes_, the grinders.
[232] The weasand, or windpipe.
[233] The epiglottis, which is a cartilaginous flap in the shape of a tongue, and therefore called so.
[234] Cicero is here giving the opinion of the ancients concerning the passage of the chyle till it is converted to blood.
[235] What Cicero here calls the ventricles of the heart are likewise called auricles, of which there is the right and left.
[236] The Stoics and Peripatetics said that the nerves, veins, and arteries come directly from the heart.

According to the anatomy of the moderns, they come from the brain.
[237] The author means all musical instruments, whether string or wind instruments, which are hollow and tortuous.
[238] The Latin version of Cicero is a translation from the Greek of Aratus.
[239] Chrysippus's meaning is, that the swine is so inactive and slothful a beast that life seems to be of no use to it but to keep it from putrefaction, as salt keeps dead flesh.
[240] _Ales_, in the general signification, is any large bird; and _oscinis_ is any singing bird.