Cockayne became bankrupt, and in 1617 the king had to renew the charter of the Adventurers.

James was naturally very sore at this rebuff, and he resolved upon reprisals by enforcing the proclamation of 1609 and exacting a toll from all foreign vessels fishing in British waters.

Great was the indignation in Holland, and the fishing fleet in 1617 set sail with an armed convoy.

A Scottish official named Browne, who came to collect the toll, was seized and carried as a prisoner to Holland.

James at once laid hands on two Dutch skippers in the Thames, as hostages, and demanded satisfaction for the outrage upon his officer.