[The Religions of India by Edward Washburn Hopkins]@TWC D-Link book
The Religions of India

CHAPTER XII
24/41

I confess (etc, as in the first vow).
The five clauses here explain that the Niggantha speaks only after deliberation; does not get angry; renounces greed; renounces fear; renounces mirth--lest through any of these he be moved to lie.
The Third Vow: I renounce all taking of anything not given, either in a village, or a town, or a wood, either of little or much, or small or great, of living or lifeless things.

I shall neither take myself what is not given nor cause others to take it, nor consent to their taking it.

As long as I live I confess (etc., as in the first vow).
The clauses here explain that the Niggantha must avoid different possibilities of stealing, such as taking food without permission of his superior.

One clause states that he may take only a limited ground for a limited time, _i.e_., he may not settle down indefinitely on a wide area, for he may not hold land absolutely.

Another clause insists on his having his grant to the land renewed frequently.
The Fourth Vow: I renounce all sexual pleasures, either with gods, or men, or animals.


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