196).

These sphinxes are unquestionably anterior to the Eighteenth Dynasty, because one of the kings of Avaris, named Apepi, has cut his name upon the shoulder of each.

Arguing from this fact, it was, however, too hastily concluded that they are works of the time of that prince.

On a closer examination, we see that they had already been dedicated to some Pharaoh of a yet earlier period, and that Apepi had merely usurped them; and M.Golenischeff has shown that they were made for Amenemhat III., of the Twelfth Dynasty, and with his features.

Those so-called Hyksos monuments may be the products of a local school, the origin of which may have been independent, and its traditions quite different from the traditions of the Memphite workshops.