The balance of 1858 showed a deficit of nearly half a million sterling, which does not prevent the government from promising a surplus in the estimates of 1859.
In order to fill up the gaps in the budget, the Government has recourse to borrowing, sometimes openly, by a loan from the house of Rothschild, sometimes secretly, by an issue of stock.
In 1857 the Pontifical Government contracted its eleventh loan with Rothschild's house; it was a trifle, something under L700,000.
Nevertheless there were quiet issues of stock from 1851 to 1858, to the tune of L1,320,000.

The capital of the debt for which its subjects are liable, amounts to L14,376,150.

5s.

If you will take the trouble to divide this grand total by the figure which represents the population, you will find that every little subject born to the Pope comes into the world a debtor of something like L4.10s., whereof he will contribute to pay the interest all his life, although neither he nor his ancestors have ever derived the least benefit from the outlay.
It is true these fourteen millions and a half (in round numbers) have not been lost for all the world.

The nephews of the Popes have pocketed a good round sum.