He has closed the little church where these poor people were catechized every Saturday, against their will, and at their own expense.

His accession may be regarded, then, as an era of deliverance for the people of Israel who have set up their tents in Rome.
Europe, which sees things from afar, naturally supposes that under so tolerant a sway as that of Pius IX., Jews have thronged from all parts of the world into the Papal States.

But see how paradoxical a science is that of statistics.

From it we learn that in 1842, under Gregory XVI., during the captivity of Babylon, the little kingdom of the Pope contained 12,700 Jews.

We further learn that in 1853, in the teeth of such reforms, such a shower of benefits, such justice, and such tolerance, the Israelites in the kingdom were reduced to 9,237.